The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is one of the most iconic monuments of ancient Rome and a masterpiece of Roman engineering and architecture. Built between 70 and 80 AD under the emperors Vespasian and Titus, the Colosseum could seat between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators. Its structure consisted of a complex system of arches and columns, mainly made of travertine, tuff and brick.
Originally, the Colosseum was decorated with statues and frescoes, and its interior was equipped with a sophisticated system of entrances and exits that allowed a rapid inflow and outflow of the public. The cavea, the part reserved for spectators, was divided into sections according to social class, with the best seats reserved for senators and emperors.
The floor of the arena was covered with sand, used to soak up the blood during the fights between gladiators and animals. Under the arena was a complex of dungeons, called hypogeum, where animals and gladiators were kept prisoner before the shows. The Colosseum was not only a place of entertainment, but also a symbol of the power and greatness of the Roman Empire.